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91.
Application of chemometrics in understanding the spatial distribution of human pharmaceuticals in surface water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Al-Odaini NA Zakaria MP Zali MA Juahir H Yaziz MI Surif S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(11):6735-6748
The growing interest in the environmental occurrence of veterinary and human pharmaceuticals is essentially due to their possible health implications to humans and ecosystem. This study assesses the occurrence of human pharmaceuticals in a Malaysian tropical aquatic environment taking a chemometric approach using cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and principal component analysis. Water samples were collected from seven sampling stations along the heavily populated Langat River basin on the west coast of peninsular Malaysia and its main tributaries. Water samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction and analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for 18 pharmaceuticals and one metabolite, which cover a range of six therapeutic classes widely consumed in Malaysia. Cluster analysis was applied to group both pharmaceutical pollutants and sampling stations. Cluster analysis successfully clustered sampling stations and pollutants into three major clusters. Discriminant analysis was applied to identify those pollutants which had a significant impact in the definition of clusters. Finally, principal component analysis using a three-component model determined the constitution and data variance explained by each of the three main principal components. 相似文献
92.
Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf Ismail Yusoff Mohamad Yusof Yatimah Alias 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4689-4710
Field and laboratory studies were conducted to estimate concentration of potential contaminants from landfill in the underlying groundwater, leachate, and surface water. Samples collected in the vicinity of the landfill were analyzed for physiochemical parameters, organic contaminants, and toxic heavy metals. Water quality results obtained were compared from published data and reports. The results indicate serious groundwater and surface water contamination in and around the waste disposal site. Analysis of the organic samples revealed that the site contains polychlorinated biphenyls and other organo-chlorine chemicals, principally chloro-benzenes. Although the amount of PCB concentration discovered was not extreme, their presence indicates a potentially serious environmental threat. Elevated concentrations of lead, copper, nickel, manganese, cadmium, and cobalt at the downgradient indicate that the contamination plume migrated further from the site, and the distribution of metals and metals containing wastes in the site is nonhomogeneous. These results clearly indicate that materials are poorly contained and are at risk of entering the environment. Therefore, full characterization of the dump contents and the integrity of the site are necessary to evaluate the scope of the problem and to identify suitable remediation options. 相似文献
93.
Ferhat Karaca Ismail Anil Omar Alagha 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(36):5713-5722
This paper evaluates possible long-range source contributions to the PM10 profile of Istanbul, Turkey. A novel method for classifying PM10 episodic events resulting from long-range transport, as opposed to local ones, was implemented. Hourly PM10 mass concentrations from ten stations distributed throughout Istanbul during the year 2008 were used for this purpose. Hourly backward trajectories for the arrival of air masses to the center of Istanbul for the year 2008 were calculated using the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Significant episodes from these backward trajectories were selected and employed in Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) analysis to estimate the possible contribution of long-range PM10 transport (LRPMT) to observed PM10 concentrations. The PSCF results showed significant seasonal variations. Based on the results obtained, PM10 concentrations observed in Istanbul during summer and autumn are not heavily affected by LRPMT. Mediterranean countries, especially those of the central part of northern Africa (northern Algeria and Libya) are the most significant potential PM10 contributors to Istanbul's atmosphere during springtime. During winter, Balkan countries, including the Aegean part of Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Croatia, as well as northern Italy, eastern France, southern Germany, Austria and the eastern part of Russia, were the most important LRPMT source regions for high PSCF values. 相似文献
94.
A new technique for the separation and pre-concentration of dissolved Fe(III) from the ligand-rich aqueous system is proposed. A solid phase extraction (SPE) system with an immobilized macrocyclic material, commonly known as molecular recognition technology (MRT) gel and available commercially, was used. Synthetic Fe(III) solution in aqueous matrices spiked with a 100-fold concentration of EDTA was used. Dissolved iron that was ‘captured’ by the MRT gel was eluted using hydrochloric acid and subsequently determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The effect of different variables, such as pH, reagent concentration, flow rate and interfering ions, on the recovery of analyte was investigated. Quantitative maximum separation (∼100%) of the dissolved Fe(III) from synthetic aqueous solutions at a natural pH range was observed at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min-1. The extraction efficiency of the MRT gel is largely unaltered by the coexisting ions commonly found in natural water. When compared with different SPE materials, the separation performance of MRT gel is also much higher. 相似文献
95.
Alwi Azham Zulkifli Nurin Wahidah Sukiman Nazatul Liana Yusoff Ashraf Zakaria Zulfattah Jamshaid Muhammad Hasnul Muhammad Harith Amzar Muhammad Syahir 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(12):11815-11826
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The availability of natural energy resources and the environmental issues are the most significant issues that are often highlighted by the world... 相似文献
96.
97.
Statistical analysis of heavy metal concentrations in sediment was studied to understand the interrelationship between different parameters and also to identify probable source component in order to explain the pollution status of selected estuaries. Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Pb, Cr, Hg and Mn) were analyzed in sediments from Juru and Jejawi Estuaries in Malaysia with ten sampling points of each estuary. The results of multivariate statistical techniques showed that the two regions have different characteristics in terms of heavy metals selected and indicates that each region receives pollution from different sources. The results also showed that Fe, Mn, Cd, Hg, and Cu are responsible for large spatial variations explaining 51.15% of the total variance, whilst Zn and Pb explain only 18.93 of the total variance. This study illustrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for evaluation and interpretation of large complex data sets to get better information about the heavy metal concentrations and design of monitoring network. 相似文献
98.
Advanced physico-chemical treatment experiences on young municipal landfill leachates 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Ozturk I Altinbas M Koyuncu I Arikan O Gomec-Yangin C 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2003,23(5):441-446
In this study, Membrane Filtration (UF+RO), Struvite (MAP) precipitation and ammonia stripping alternatives were studied on biologically pre-treated Landfill Leachate. The results indicated that the system including the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASBR) and Membrane Reactors (UF+RO) has been offered as an appropriate treatment alternative for young landfill leachates. This system provided high removals of COD, colour and conductivity (>98-99%). For ammonia removal, struvite precipitation was applied at the stoichiometric ratio (Mg:NH4:PO4=1:1:1) to anaerobically pre-treated raw landfill leachate effluent having an influent ammonium concentration of 2240 mg/l. Maximum ammonium nitrogen removal was observed as 85% at pH of 9.2. In ammonia stripping following 2 h of aeration, the removal was 72% at pH=12 while the removals were around 20% at pH=10 and pH=11. When membrane reactor, and struvite precipitation or ammonia stripping was applied to anaerobically pre-treated effluents, the results indicated that each system could be used as an appropriate post-treatment option for young landfill leachates. In economic aspect, ammonia stripping was found as the cheapest alternative with high ammonium removal. However, when both high COD and ammonium removals were to be achieved membrane technology such as UF+RO (SW) could be considered as the most appropriate system due to the fact that COD removal could be obtained very low by ammonia stripping. 相似文献
99.
Three series of polypropylene and waste tire dust (PP/WTD) blends using three different WTD sizes were prepared, compression-molded
and cut into dumbbells. The specimens were exposed to natural weathering in the northern part of Malaysia for a period of
6 months. The results show that at the same blend composition, blends with fine WTD size exhibit higher mechanical properties
than that of blends with coarse WTD after exposure to natural weathering. Regardless of WTD size, the retention of tensile
strength and elongation at break, Eb increases with the increase in WTD content. From the exposed surface morphology, it is apparent that the blends with fine
WTD and WTD-rich blends were able to withstand weathering better than blends with coarse WTD and PP-rich blends. The DSC thermograms
suggest that the overall drop in melting temperature (Tm) of the exposed blends decreases as the WTD content increases. 相似文献
100.
Aluminum concentrations in the fruit samples taken from different regions were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing digestion. To identify the aluminum phases being most responsible for fruit-available aluminum, the soil samples near the fruit plants were also analyzed for aluminum by using various digestion and selective extraction reagents. The relation between the aluminum concentrations in fruits and in soil extracts was studied. The obtained aluminum concentrations in the fruits were in the range of 1.5 to 42.0 mg kg-1 on dry weight basis. It was observed that the aluminum concentrations of morello cherry(R2 = 0.79) and mulberry (R2 = 0.99) were correlated to the aluminum concentrations in citric acid extracts of the soils. While the aluminum concentrations of the EDTA and acetic acid extracts in some soils samples include 35% and 25% of total aluminum, respectively, the other soils contain only 1–2%. 相似文献